Hash Generator — SHA-256, MD5, SHA-1 Kan Layi _

Mene ne hash na cryptographic?

Aiki na hash na cryptographic yana ɗaukar shigarwa mai tsawo mai sabunta kuma yana fitar da digest mai tsayayyen tsawo. Shigarwa ɗaya koyaushe tana samar da digest ɗaya; juya bit guda ɗaya yana canza kusan rabin bits na fitowar. Wannan kayan aiki yana ƙididdiga huɗu daga digests da aka fi yaɗuwa — MD5 (RFC 1321), SHA-1, SHA-256, da SHA-512 (dangin SHA ana bayyana shi ta FIPS 180-4) — don kowane rubutu ko fayil da kuka bayar, ba tare da taɓa aika bayanan daga na'urarku ba.

Yadda wannan hash generator ke aiki?

Ana gudanar da hash gaba ɗaya a kan na'urarku. SHA-1, SHA-256, da SHA-512 ana aika su zuwa API na asali na mai binciken crypto.subtle.digest; MD5 yana amfani da aiwatarwa ta gida saboda Web Crypto ba ta aika MD5. Matakai sune:

1. An karanta shigarwarku daga textarea, ko an karanta fayil ɗinka daga faifai zuwa ArrayBuffer. Ana ɓoye rubutu a matsayin UTF-8 kafin hash don digest ya daidaita da abin da kiran hashlib.sha256(text.encode()) da ke gefen uwar garken zai samar da shi.
2. Kowane algorithm yana ƙara saƙo zuwa iyakar block kuma yana sarrafa shi block biye da block, haɗa bytes na shigarwa da yanayin ciki mai gudana ta jerin ayyukan bitwise da arithmetic na modular.
3. Lokacin da aka cinye block na ƙarshe ana ƙarewa da yanayin ciki: MD5 yana ba da bits 128, SHA-1 yana ba da bits 160, SHA-256 yana ba da bits 256, da SHA-512 yana ba da bits 512.
4. Ana tsara bytes na digest mai tsatsa a matsayin ko hexadecimal ƙanana ko Base64 na yau da kullun, ya danganta da ɓoyayyun da kuka zaɓa a sama da panels.
5. Ana rubuta kowane digest zuwa naqusar textarea naqusar ta kansa tare da maɓallin Kwafi. Kunna yanayin Live yana sake hash akan kowane danna key don ku iya kallon tasirin avalanche a ainihin lokaci.

Wane algorithm na hash kamata na yi amfani da shi?

Algorithms huɗu da aka aika anan suna rufe duk kewayen daga checksums na gado zuwa shawarwari na cryptographic na yanzu. Zaɓi ta aiki, ba ta sani ba:

• MD5 (bits 128) — mai sauri kuma ko'ina, amma an karya shi ta hanyar cryptographic. Ayyukan collision na ainihin suna cikin jama'a tun 2004. Yi amfani da shi kawai don checksums marasa tsaro: makullan rarraba, masu lalata cache, sawun salon ETag, da tabbatar da ingancin fayil da ke adawa da takardar yarda ta aminci.
• SHA-1 (bits 160) — an kuma ƙi shi don tsaro. Hari na SHAttered ya nuna collision na PDF na jama'a a 2017. Har yanzu ana ganinsa a cikin IDs na abubuwa na Git na gado, tsofaffin takardu na TLS, da ginshiƙin HMAC inda karya hash da ke ƙarƙashin ba ta taɓa yar da makullin tukuna. Kada ku ɗauke shi don aiki sabon.
• SHA-256 (bits 256) — tsoho na yau da kullun na amfani da yawa a yanzu. Ana amfani da shi a cikin sawun takardar TLS, hashes na block na Bitcoin, checksums na saki software, digests na hotunan kwantena, da yawancin layin code-signing na zamani. Zaɓi wannan idan kuna shakka.
• SHA-512 (bits 512) — dangin SHA-2 ɗaya da SHA-256 tare da yanayin ciki mafi girma da girman kalmomi na bits 64 mafi yawa. Galibi yana da sauri fiye da SHA-256 akan CPUs na bits 64 kuma zaɓi da ya fi so lokacin da kuke buƙatar margin ɗin collision ƙarin ko digests mafi tsawo don makullan HMAC.

Me ya sa ake amfani da wannan hash generator?

• Sirri: ana hash kowane bytes na shigarwa gida a cikin mai binciken ka. Babu loda fayil, babu zagayowar cibiyar sadarwa, babu rikodin uwar garken. Mai zaɓar fayil yana karanta daga faifai kai tsaye ta File API.
• Digests huɗu a cikin wucewa guda ɗaya: lallaba sau ɗaya da karanta MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, da SHA-512 gefen waje da waje, canza ɓoyayyun fitowar tsakanin hex da Base64 ba tare da sake hash ba.
• Fitowar mai biye da ma'auni: ana ba da dangin SHA zuwa crypto.subtle.digest, wanda shine aiwatarwa ɗaya na FIPS 180-4 da tsarin aikin ka ya riga ya aminta da shi. MD5 yana biye da RFC 1321 byte biye da byte.
• An gina shi don aikin tabbatarwa: yanayin live yana nuna tasirin avalanche yayin da kuke buga; panel ɗin fayil yana sarrafa binaries har zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar da tab zai iya riƙewa don ku iya tabbatar da archives na saki ba tare da terminal ba.

Menene abubuwan da ake amfani da ayyukan hash a kullum?

Hashes suna bayyana a cikin aikin injiniya na yau da kullun:

• Tabbatar da saukewa: kwatanta digest na SHA-256 na archive na saki da ƙimar da aka buga a gidan yanar gizon aikin don tabbatar da cewa ba a canza ta a cikin jigilar kaya ba.
• Kuskuren gyara haɗin gwiwa: sake samar da ainihin MD5 ko SHA-256 wanda sabis ɗin abokin haɗin gwiwa ke sa ran a cikin alamar buƙata don ku sami off-by-one a cikin mai gina string ɗinka na canonical.
• Sadarwa ta abun ciki: samar da ID mai ƙarfi daga abin da ke cikin don amfani a matsayin makullin cache, alama ta rarraba, ko mai gano abubuwa mai salon Git.

Yaya misali na hash ke kama?

Hashing ASCII string hello yana samar da 5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592 a matsayin MD5, aaf4c61ddcc5e8a2dabede0f3b482cd9aea9434d a matsayin SHA-1, 2cf24dba5fb0a30e26e83b2ac5b9e29e1b161e5c1fa7425e73043362938b9824 a matsayin SHA-256, da string na hex na haruffa 128 da ke farawa 9b71d224bd62f3785d96d46ad3ea3d73... a matsayin SHA-512. Ƙara sarari ɗaya na ƙarshe kuma sake hash yana canza kowane digest ban da gane shi.

Wannan hash generator yana aiki gaba ɗaya a cikin mai binciken ka akan ainihin da tsarin aikin ka ya riga ya aminta da shi: Web Crypto don dangin SHA da ƙaramin, audited MD5 routine don digest ɗaya da Web Crypto ba ya bayarwa. Lallaba, saka fayil, kwafi digest — babu wani abu da ya tashi daga shafin.